At 4.0 million km², the sea-ice extent at mid-month was roughly 530,000 km² above the record low in 2012, and ca. 440,000 km² below the figure for the same month in 2019, the year with the third-lowes
The MOSAiC ATMO (Atmosphere)-Team (Figure 1) made observations of relevant atmospheric properties, processes and interactions over an entire annual cycle while drifting across the Central Arctic with
In contrast, the pack ice is now steadily growing in the Antarctic. This year, observations of the sea-ice extent development in both hemispheres reveal a trend clearly below the long-term average. Th
According to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (climate change service of the European Commission and European Space Agency), in Europe the summer months June to August were the hottest since the
After the sea-ice extent in the Arctic showed a moderate loss, hovering in the lower portion of the double standard deviation range from the long-term average with ca. 92,000 km² / day in the first ha
In recent days, the development of the ice cover north of Greenland has attracted considerable attention: within a few weeks, an ice-free strip up to 100 km wide has formed along the coast (Fig.1). Th
“We are approaching this year’s minimum sea-ice extent in the Arctic, and this summer the ice concentration has descreased to its lowest value since observations started, in 1979,” according to Profes
However, the vast area and the extreme weather conditions make it difficult to monitor the snow during Arctic winter. In situ measurements of snow depth on sea ice are rare and mostly obtained in spri
The thickness of sea ice determines the heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere as well as the resistance against the deforming forces of wind and ocean currents. Already a thin layer of se
After the sea-ice extent in the Artic reached its winter maximum on 12 March 2019, the melting season in the North Pole region began and soon reached an all-time low for the time of year (23 April 201
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