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Energy can be subdivided into a variety of types and can be used by human beings when it flows from one place to another or is converted from one form into another. Primary energy (also referred to as

Species that are limited to or only native to a specific area or region. In connection with human health, the term can refer to a disease or pathogen that is currently or normally only found in a spec

Emissions scenarios are potential future development paths for human emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols. Climate models draw on these scenarios to show the impacts of political decisions and o

The EM-Bird is a sensor used to determine the thickness of sea ice by helicopter or aeroplane. Using the aerogeophysical electromagnetic (EM) induction method, the sea-ice thickness is determined on t

Electromagnetic induction surveying (EM) is a method used to measure the thickness of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. EM ice-thickness measurements use the contrast in electrical conductivity

A climate anomaly manifesting near the west coast of South America (chiefly the coast of Peru) every three to five years, normally beginning shortly after Christmas. Primarily characterised by a sudde