Ablation refers to all processes that produce ice loss in glaciers. These include melting, calving, evaporation, breakup and sublimation. A glacier’s total annual decrease in volume is referred to as
The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia (Murmansk, Siberia, Nenets Okrug, Novaya Zemlya), Sweden and the Unit
This year, sea-ice development in the Antarctic is progressing extremely slowly and, after May, once again reached a record-low monthly sea-ice extent in June. At 11.23 million km², the monthly mean s
Upwelling regions are among the most fertile on our planet. Most often found on continents’ western coasts, they are created when cold ocean currents flow toward the Equator. When coastal winds drive
Refers to the process in which pressure ridges are formed. A pressure ridge is a line or wall of broken-up ice formed by the influence of pressure. This can also be the breakup of an ice floe into sev
Compression processes in which the ice is constantly deformed, leading to cracks. Generally refers to the formation of cracks in very thick ice, compressed and contiguous drifting ice.
Refers to the deposition of atmospheric substances. Here, a distinction is made between moist or wet (deposition in connection with moisture, e.g. the deposition of substances that have been dissolved
The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. The dry atmosphere is almost completely composed of nitrogen (78.1 percent) and oxygen (20.9 percent), together with various trace gases like argon (0.93 pe
