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The Baltic: In the course of a prolonged frost period, the bodden along Germany’s Baltic coastline froze over. In Bothnian Bay, the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, the fast ice in the archipelago

The Arctic: Warm air and ocean temperatures delayed the formation of new sea ice, particularly off the northeast coast of Canada. There were substantial temperature fluctuations on Spitsbergen in Dece

The Arctic: This year, the September minimum sea-ice extent was 4.74 million square kilometres, the 14 th -lowest figure since the beginning of continuous satellite observation Polarstern expedition C

The different ice regimes in the Arctic in summer were successfully characterised and their melting was described. This summer, there was a particularly large amount of open water in the North Atlanti

Significant melting and breakup of the ice pack in regime 1 in the marginal ice zone Rain accelerates ice melting Ecological studies highlight the connection to physical ice and ocean condition Substa

Similarities and differences between ice regimes become increasingly apparent Multi-year ice regimes have a good chance of surviving the melting season Studies on Arctic amplification are a key elemen

Floe 1 disintegrates and drifts into Russian waters New floe studied in Regime 1 US team investigates optical properties of sea ice from above and below Various elements of ice melting The aim of CONT

Successful flyover with research plane Polar 6 Substantial melting in regime 1 in the ice-edge zone Oceanographic programme records the regimes on different scales Flyover with the IceBird plane Polar

Polarstern reaches the third target region and thus the third sea-ice regime The CONTRAST concept pans out: The floes in Region 3 are very different The atmospheric research team combines classic and

RV Polarstern accompanies Tara Polar Station on its first drift in the ice The first two floes show the expected differences Support for cruise and station planning improved via satellite data Enterin