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Markedly low levels of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea and Bering Sea; Arctic is losing substantial amounts of older sea ice through Fram Strait In Svalbard, meteorologists observe rapid temperature

Large patches of ice-free water could especially be found in Canada’s Arctic coastal waters, and in the Barents and Kara Seas. In the Antarctic, the amount of pack ice was chiefly far below the long-t

The Arctic: Warm air and ocean temperatures delayed the formation of new sea ice, particularly off the northeast coast of Canada. There were substantial temperature fluctuations on Spitsbergen in Dece

Significant melting and breakup of the ice pack in regime 1 in the marginal ice zone Rain accelerates ice melting Ecological studies highlight the connection to physical ice and ocean condition Substa

Similarities and differences between ice regimes become increasingly apparent Multi-year ice regimes have a good chance of surviving the melting season Studies on Arctic amplification are a key elemen

Development in the Arctic The slight upward trend following the Arctic minimum continued in early 2024; although the sea-ice extent was below the mean value for the years 1981 – 2010 at the beginning